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SCOVILLE SCALE

Prof. Wilber L. ScovilleThe Scoville scale is a measure of the hotness of a chile. These fruits of the Capsicum genus contain capsaicin, a chemical compound which stimulates heat-receptor nerve endings, and the number of Scoville heat units (SHU) indicates the ratio of capsaicin present.

It is named after Wilbur Scoville, who developed the Scoville Organoleptic Test in 1912. As originally devised, a solution of the pepper extract is diluted in sugar water until the 'heat' is no longer detectable to a panel of (usually five) tasters; the degree of dilution gives its measure on the Scoville scale. Thus a sweet pepper, that contains no capsaicin at all, has a Scoville rating of zero (no heat detectable even undiluted); whereas the hottest chiles, such as habaneros, have a rating of 300,000 or more, indicating that their extract has to be diluted 300,000-fold before the capsaicin present is undetectable. The greatest weakness of the Scoville Organoleptic Test is its imprecision, because it relies on human subjectivity.

Later developments such as high pressure liquid chromatography (known as "The Gillett Method") have now enabled the Scoville rating to be determined by direct measurement of capsaicin rather than sensory methods.

List of Scoville ratings

Scoville ratings may vary considerably within a species—easily by a factor of 10 or more—depending on seed lineage, climate and even soil. This is especially true of habaneros.

16,000,000 
Pure capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin
Blair's 6 A.M. food additive
9,100,000 
Nordihydrocapsaicin
8,600,000 
Homodihydrocapsaicin and homocapsaicin
7,100,000 
The Source sauce, from Original Juan Specialty Foods
5,300,000 
Police grade pepper spray
2,000,000 
Common pepper spray
1,500,000 
Da' Bomb The Final Answer sauce, from Original Juan Specialty Foods
855,000 (reported & disputed) 
Naga Jolokia pepper
350,000 - 580,000 
Red Savina habanero (Guinness Book of Records)
100,000 - 350,000 
Habanero
100,000 - 325,000 
Scotch bonnet
100,000 - 225,000 
Birds eye pepper
100,000 - 200,000 
Jamaican hot pepper
100,000 - 125,000 
Carolina cayenne pepper
95,000 - 110,000 
Bahamian pepper
90,000 
Dave's Ultimate Insanity Sauce
85,000 - 115,000 
Tabiche pepper
50,000 - 100,000 
Thai pepper
50,000 - 100,000 
Chiltepin pepper
50,000 
Dave's Insanity Sauce
40,000 - 58,000 
Piquin pepper
40,000 - 50,000 
Super chile pepper
40,000 - 50,000 
Santaka pepper
30,000 - 50,000 
Cayenne pepper
30,000 - 50,000 
Tabasco pepper
15,000 - 30,000 
de Arbol pepper
12,000 - 30,000 
Manzano pepper
7,000 - 8,000 
Tabasco habanero sauce
5,000 - 23,000 
Serrano pepper
5,000 - 10,000 
Hot wax pepper
5,000 - 10,000 
Chipotle
2,500 - 8,000 
Jalapeño
2,500 - 8,000 
Santaka pepper
2,500 - 5,000 
Guajilla pepper
2,500 - 5,000 
Tabasco sauce
1,500 - 2,500 
Tabasco chipotle pepper sauce
1,200 - 1,800 
Tabasco garlic sauce
1,500 - 2,500 
Rocotilla pepper
1,000 - 2,000 
Pasilla pepper
1,000 - 2,000 
Ancho pepper
1,000 - 2,000 
Poblano pepper
700 - 1,000 
Coronado pepper
600 - 1,200 
Tabasco green pepper sauce
500 - 2,500 
Anaheim pepper
500 - 1,000 
New Mexico pepper
500 - 700 
Santa Fe Grande pepper
100 - 500 
Pepperoncini pepper
100 - 500 
Pimento
Sweet bell pepper

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